Population Distribution

Population distribution by place type for Portugal. Dots show individual tagged places, with the maximum, minimum, and median population values highlighted.

Population distribution plot for Portugal
Upgrade Candidates

Places whose population is more consistent with the next-higher type's distribution than their own. Ranked by signal strength, then percentile within current type.

# Name Type Population Own %ile %ile among next higher Signal Edit OSM
1 Pedroso town 18,714 99% 64% Strong node/3971569110
2 Custóias town 18,650 98% 64% Strong node/3976822514
3 Quinta do Conde town 18,285 98% 64% Strong node/1198407029
4 Castêlo da Maia town 15,452 98% 57% Strong node/1977148581
5 Moita town 13,735 98% 50% Strong node/2766869564
6 Canelas town 13,459 97% 50% Strong node/3971605942
7 Canhas village 3,769 97% 65% Strong node/1832796143
8 Adaúfe village 3,711 97% 64% Strong node/3147897529
9 Folgosa village 3,704 97% 64% Strong node/650791556
10 Soalhães village 3,682 97% 64% Strong node/3969676596
11 Meixomil village 3,676 97% 64% Strong node/650403526
12 Seroa village 3,646 97% 64% Strong node/1798318315
13 Moreira town 12,890 97% 49% Strong node/3976601022
14 Ponta Garça village 3,600 97% 64% Strong node/1256655356
15 Sanguedo village 3,600 97% 64% Strong node/4037561007
16 Bairro village 3,598 97% 64% Strong node/665515867
17 Vila Nogueira de Azeitão village 3,578 97% 64% Strong node/10857144693
18 Paramos village 3,515 97% 62% Strong node/772915174
19 Recardães village 3,554 97% 64% Strong node/999534955
20 São Félix da Marinha town 12,706 96% 49% Strong node/4015684792
21 Fajã de Cima village 3,438 96% 62% Strong node/1407147359
22 Polvoreira village 3,495 96% 62% Strong node/3132150501
23 Macinhata do Vouga village 3,406 96% 61% Strong node/1036608858
24 Vila Chã village 3,404 96% 61% Strong node/3514887374
25 Vila Boa de Quires village 3,394 96% 61% Strong node/3284352210
26 Fornos village 3,397 96% 61% Strong node/3384682524
27 Alcochete town 11,783 96% 46% Strong node/25619063
28 Jardim da Serra village 3,311 96% 60% Strong node/1827635022
29 Arada village 3,318 96% 60% Strong node/2832748802
30 Escapães village 3,309 96% 60% Strong node/4037560998
31 Podentes village 3,300 96% 60% Strong node/4382633490
32 Oliveira (Santa Maria) village 3,279 96% 59% Strong node/662466318
33 Celeirós village 3,289 96% 59% Strong node/3149504116
34 Dume village 3,251 96% 59% Strong node/3152614062
35 Avintes town 11,497 96% 44% Strong node/3547387403
36 Arco da Calheta village 3,241 96% 59% Strong node/617559331
37 Vila Boa do Bispo village 3,240 96% 59% Strong node/3969676603
38 Ferreiros village 3,212 96% 59% Strong node/3170850635
39 Silvares village 3,207 96% 59% Strong node/3967589094
40 Casal Comba village 3,183 96% 58% Strong node/1261426031
41 Requião village 3,197 96% 58% Strong node/3074080875
42 Joane town 11,053 96% 42% Strong node/1487605197
43 Duas Igrejas village 3,179 96% 58% Strong node/3979080671
44 Alvarelhos village 3,151 96% 58% Strong node/4006933072
45 Sanfins de Ferreira village 3,139 96% 58% Strong node/667293879
46 Real village 3,142 96% 58% Strong node/2584536453
47 Oliveira do Conde village 3,122 95% 58% Strong node/1325276478
48 Mancelos village 3,114 95% 58% Strong node/2587095728
49 Boim village 3,102 95% 57% Strong node/3967589077
50 Cristelos village 3,040 95% 56% Strong node/3967589082
51 Santo André town 11,020 95% 42% Strong node/2777058569
52 Vila Caiz village 3,026 95% 56% Strong node/1401030447
53 Vale (São Cosme) village 3,032 95% 56% Strong node/3010403231
54 Tamel (São Veríssimo) village 3,025 95% 56% Strong node/3082697644
55 Romariz village 3,023 95% 56% Strong node/5569958059
56 Nine village 3,019 95% 56% Strong node/3011699576
57 Labruge village 3,000 95% 56% Strong node/3514902586
58 Alvarinhos village 3,000 95% 56% Strong node/11684946968
59 Cucujães town 10,705 95% 42% Strong node/2622433948
60 Galegos (Santa Maria) village 2,987 95% 55% Strong node/3082696902
61 Vermoim village 2,949 95% 55% Strong node/3074124651
62 Perre village 2,956 95% 55% Strong node/3874021577
63 Lage village 2,895 95% 55% Strong node/3164882717
64 Correlhã village 2,936 95% 55% Strong node/3873031330
65 Valadares town 10,678 95% 42% Strong node/3657740053
66 Gondar village 2,868 95% 54% Strong node/3131504271
67 Várzea village 2,859 95% 54% Strong node/3933505591
68 Chafé village 2,841 94% 54% Strong node/2412276743
69 Guilhufe village 2,844 94% 54% Strong node/3978966774
70 Landim village 2,838 94% 54% Strong node/655287976
71 Fregim village 2,836 94% 54% Strong node/3929239715
72 São João de Ver town 10,579 94% 41% Strong node/3526056906
73 Santo André de Vagos village 2,781 94% 52% Strong node/1307610357
74 Amorim village 2,784 94% 52% Strong node/3983105009
75 Trofa village 2,732 94% 51% Strong node/1030189857
76 Vilarinho do Bairro village 2,764 94% 52% Strong node/1523875920
77 Galegos village 2,673 94% 50% Strong node/1214432236
78 Bunheiro village 2,682 94% 50% Strong node/1501159040
79 Vila Chã de Sá village 2,673 94% 50% Strong node/4325381350
80 Grijó town 10,578 94% 41% Strong node/4015684781
81 Gafanha da Boa Hora village 2,625 94% 49% Strong node/1314328556
82 Fragosela village 2,662 94% 50% Strong node/5863315281
83 Pindelo village 2,595 94% 49% Strong node/1296828356
84 Nevogilde village 2,617 94% 49% Strong node/3967589089
85 Raimonda village 2,576 94% 48% Strong node/1798338239
86 Nespereira village 2,578 94% 48% Strong node/3131647250
87 Balazar village 2,543 94% 48% Strong node/1962748177
88 Britelo village 2,561 94% 48% Strong node/5161572053
89 Torno village 2,542 94% 48% Strong node/2374200901
90 Vilar de Pinheiro village 2,537 94% 48% Strong node/3514886344
91 Sande (São Martinho) village 2,533 94% 48% Strong node/3132314334
92 Caíde de Rei village 2,529 94% 48% Strong node/3967589079
93 Terroso village 2,528 93% 48% Strong node/3004522617
94 Cabeça Santa village 2,528 93% 48% Strong node/3978966768
95 Silva Escura village 2,507 93% 47% Strong node/2329982476
96 Lamaçães village 2,525 93% 47% Strong node/3152614066
97 Figueiró village 2,496 93% 46% Strong node/1798338235
98 Veiros village 2,503 93% 46% Strong node/2435894143
99 Moita village 2,484 93% 46% Strong node/1932455029
100 Airães village 2,486 93% 46% Strong node/3933505565
101 Espinhel village 2,482 93% 46% Strong node/1125625914
102 Vila Boa village 2,483 93% 46% Strong node/3082697648
103 Aires village 2,482 93% 46% Strong node/12136909015
104 Guardizela village 2,474 93% 46% Strong node/3131504273
105 Santiago village 2,458 93% 46% Strong node/2587095722
106 Lagares village 2,457 93% 46% Strong node/3781538615
107 Areias village 2,454 93% 46% Strong node/655286864
108 Merelim (São Paio) village 2,451 93% 46% Strong node/3152614068
109 São Francisco village 2,439 93% 46% Strong node/2595311008
110 Currelos village 2,447 93% 46% Strong node/2841512905
111 Mire de Tibães village 2,437 92% 46% Strong node/3149021113
112 Pinheiro village 2,431 92% 46% Strong node/3978966784
113 Oliveira (São Mateus) village 2,418 92% 45% Strong node/662471589
114 Duas Igrejas village 2,426 92% 46% Strong node/3978966772
115 Ul village 2,413 92% 45% Strong node/1554263292
116 São Lourenço do Bairro village 2,414 92% 45% Strong node/2507704940
117 Palmeira de Faro village 2,403 92% 45% Strong node/3133927449
118 Barbudo village 2,400 92% 45% Strong node/3169471067
119 Alquerubim village 2,381 92% 45% Strong node/1801616143
120 Mundão village 2,385 92% 45% Strong node/5812872172
121 Martim village 2,375 92% 45% Strong node/3082696915
122 Vila Frescainha (São Martinho) village 2,372 92% 45% Strong node/3082697640
123 Selho (São Cristóvão) village 2,380 92% 45% Strong node/3132314336
124 Torrados village 2,370 92% 45% Strong node/3933505584
125 Azurara village 2,367 92% 45% Strong node/4013836440
126 São Vicente Ferreira village 2,361 92% 45% Strong node/1842978195
127 Vandoma village 2,363 92% 45% Strong node/3979080677
128 Águas Santas town 27,470 100% 75% Weak node/1733160897
129 Laranjeiro village 20,780 100% 99% Weak node/1603922665
130 Fernão Ferro village 21,748 100% 99% Weak node/1650372043
131 Feijó village 14,779 100% 98% Weak node/1603922664
132 Baguim do Monte village 14,102 100% 98% Weak node/2420317300
133 Esgueira village 13,431 100% 97% Weak node/2479362076
134 Pedrouços village 12,149 100% 96% Weak node/3885037138
135 Arouca town 22,360 100% 69% Weak node/1207711237
136 Aldeia de Paio Pires village 10,277 100% 93% Weak node/1684754630
137 Gulpilhares village 11,341 100% 96% Weak node/4015684782
138 Rio de Loba village 9,348 100% 91% Weak node/2920455542
139 Creixomil village 9,641 100% 92% Weak node/3123864718
140 Aradas village 9,157 100% 91% Weak node/1760999632
141 Vale da Amoreira village 9,159 100% 91% Weak node/2777060471
142 Pinhal Novo town 21,384 99% 69% Weak node/258313209
143 Abraveses village 8,539 99% 90% Weak node/2859803582
144 Azurém village 8,348 99% 89% Weak node/3102162006
145 Camacha village 7,991 99% 89% Weak node/271700970
146 Santa Joana village 8,094 99% 89% Weak node/2475843010
147 Ferreiros village 7,707 99% 88% Weak node/3151842623
148 Real village 7,666 99% 88% Weak node/3152614076
149 Beduído village 7,554 99% 88% Weak node/1114722638
150 Jovim village 7,146 99% 87% Weak node/2420296587
151 Baixa da Banheira town 20,905 99% 67% Weak node/2766890744
152 Quinta do Anjo village 6,599 99% 85% Weak node/1191084771
153 Praia da Vitória (Santa Cruz) village 6,690 99% 86% Weak node/5017922866
154 Marinhas village 6,193 99% 84% Weak node/3133927448
155 Lomar village 6,091 99% 84% Weak node/3152614067
156 Foz do Sousa village 6,054 99% 83% Weak node/2355896704
157 Nogueira village 5,924 99% 82% Weak node/3152614072
158 Santa Cruz do Bispo village 5,767 99% 82% Weak node/3514878479
159 Vila Nova da Telha village 5,886 99% 82% Weak node/3514884153
160 Arcos village 5,511 99% 80% Weak node/2502990573
161 Fermentões village 5,739 99% 82% Weak node/3131504270
162 Montenegro village 5,415 98% 79% Weak node/3168878061
163 Nogueira village 5,473 98% 80% Weak node/3976601021
164 Urgezes village 5,259 98% 79% Weak node/3132938949
165 Gualtar village 5,286 98% 79% Weak node/3149021111
166 São Bernardo village 4,960 98% 77% Weak node/2475837991
167 Campo village 5,025 98% 77% Weak node/4325381338
168 Milheirós village 4,891 98% 76% Weak node/3976601020
169 Ranhados village 4,949 98% 77% Weak node/4325381345
170 Fraião village 4,605 98% 74% Weak node/3152614064
171 Lustosa village 4,792 98% 75% Weak node/3967589085
172 Campanário village 4,582 98% 73% Weak node/275704199
173 Ferreira village 4,341 98% 71% Weak node/1798316299
174 Foros de Salvaterra village 4,375 98% 71% Weak node/3258092984
175 Mesão Frio village 4,173 98% 69% Weak node/3131647248
176 Telões village 4,232 98% 69% Weak node/3929239729
177 Lousado village 4,057 98% 68% Weak node/2771496419
178 Meinedo village 4,052 98% 68% Weak node/3967589087
179 Delães village 3,981 98% 67% Weak node/658781968
180 Mindelo village 3,988 98% 67% Weak node/2311643272
181 Monte Córdova village 3,958 98% 67% Weak node/649835525
182 Santiago de Riba-Ul village 3,944 98% 67% Weak node/4037314569
183 Vila Chã village 3,912 98% 66% Weak node/1226767663
184 Fradelos village 3,895 98% 66% Weak node/2771496415
185 Ferreiras village 3,884 97% 66% Weak node/1137323673
186 Vila Cova da Lixa village 3,850 97% 66% Weak node/3933505587
187 Penamaior village 3,819 97% 65% Weak node/650403365
188 São Salvador village 3,807 97% 65% Weak node/6139066010
189 Milheirós de Poiares village 3,791 97% 65% Weak node/3384682525
190 Santa Marta de Portuzelo village 3,805 97% 65% Weak node/3874021579
191 Anta town 10,363 94% 38% Weak node/4037024204
192 Estreito de Câmara de Lobos town 10,269 93% 38% Weak node/1832777806
193 Madalena town 10,040 93% 38% Weak node/4015684784
194 Lavra town 10,033 93% 38% Weak node/3514894401
195 Guifões town 9,495 92% 36% Weak node/100084476
196 Corroios town 9,460 92% 36% Weak node/116099086
197 Tavarede town 9,441 92% 36% Weak node/3882676797
198 Borba de Godim village 2,341 92% 44% Weak node/3933505566
199 Macieira da Maia village 2,321 92% 44% Weak node/4013836446
200 Estela village 2,316 92% 44% Weak node/1576580113
201 São Vicente de Pereira Jusã village 2,316 92% 44% Weak node/2694675527
202 Lagares village 2,320 92% 44% Weak node/3933505569
203 Canaviais village 2,313 92% 44% Weak node/4321771340
204 Lavradio town 9,375 91% 36% Weak node/2766890748
205 Lijó village 2,306 91% 43% Weak node/3082696911
206 Sobral village 2,311 91% 43% Weak node/4271594435
207 Eiriz village 2,303 91% 43% Weak node/1798338234
208 Silvares village 2,282 91% 43% Weak node/3132938948
209 Carapeços village 2,277 91% 42% Weak node/3082696884
210 Travanca village 2,278 91% 42% Weak node/3929239730
211 São Martinho do Campo town 9,197 91% 35% Weak node/650795222
212 Vila de Punhe village 2,273 91% 42% Weak node/2634516327
213 Pousa village 2,272 91% 42% Weak node/3082696929
214 Abação (São Tomé) village 2,252 91% 42% Weak node/3102162000
215 Santa Eulália village 2,253 91% 42% Weak node/4036692884
216 Quinta Grande village 2,250 91% 42% Weak node/275704197
217 Travanca village 2,242 91% 42% Weak node/1952721981
218 Ribeirão town 9,062 91% 35% Weak node/2771496418
219 Borralha village 2,230 91% 42% Weak node/999534952
220 Escariz village 2,222 91% 42% Weak node/1644072466
221 Esmeriz village 2,218 91% 42% Weak node/2774062273
222 Antas village 2,221 91% 42% Weak node/3133927437
223 Pombeiro de Ribavizela village 2,218 91% 42% Weak node/3933505577
224 Louro village 2,213 91% 42% Weak node/2452576738
225 Aver-o-Mar town 8,675 90% 33% Weak node/3983105011
226 Água Longa village 2,207 90% 42% Weak node/650404904
227 Ossela village 2,208 90% 42% Weak node/4268284729
228 Fragoso village 2,193 90% 42% Weak node/3082696901
229 Freixo de Cima village 2,203 90% 42% Weak node/3929239717
230 Avelãs de Cima village 2,185 90% 42% Weak node/1792355627
231 Guilhabreu village 2,190 90% 42% Weak node/3448251175
232 Cascais town 8,421 90% 31% Weak node/25611736
233 Refóios do Lima village 2,169 90% 42% Weak node/1941267480
234 Várzea da Ovelha village 2,169 90% 42% Weak node/3969676604
235 Irivo village 2,182 90% 42% Weak node/3978966775
236 Candoso (Santiago) village 2,163 90% 42% Weak node/3123254077
237 Tunes village 2,155 90% 42% Weak node/144973853
238 Barcouço village 2,152 90% 42% Weak node/1474174227
239 Roriz village 2,152 90% 42% Weak node/3082697634
240 Negrelos (São Mamede) village 2,145 90% 42% Weak node/1241037231
241 Alvelos village 2,145 90% 42% Weak node/3082696872
242 Aveleda village 2,149 90% 42% Weak node/3149504114
243 Argoncilhe town 8,420 90% 31% Weak node/3814284657
244 Golães village 2,135 90% 42% Weak node/3173777659
245 Medas village 2,129 90% 41% Weak node/2376830597
246 Cabanelas village 2,102 90% 41% Weak node/3164882711
247 Soutelo village 2,102 90% 41% Weak node/3164882727
248 Várzea do Douro village 2,098 90% 41% Weak node/3969676605
249 Benavente town 8,407 90% 31% Weak node/25615642
250 Vilar de Nantes village 2,084 90% 41% Weak node/3185651503
251 Nespereira village 2,085 90% 41% Weak node/3967589088
252 Castelões village 2,083 89% 41% Weak node/3074143334
253 Macieira de Rates village 2,083 89% 41% Weak node/3082696912
254 Palmaz village 2,079 89% 41% Weak node/1555940156
255 Refontoura village 2,081 89% 41% Weak node/2679331583
256 Darque town 7,972 89% 28% Weak node/257994562
257 Laundos village 2,055 89% 40% Weak node/1571128310
258 Aveleda village 2,073 89% 41% Weak node/3967589075
259 Este (São Pedro) village 2,048 89% 40% Weak node/3151842622
260 Bairros village 2,047 89% 40% Weak node/13266959809
261 Valmaior village 2,040 89% 40% Weak node/1419856239
262 Beire village 2,040 89% 40% Weak node/3979080665
263 Serzedo town 7,891 89% 28% Weak node/4015684791
264 Vale (São Martinho) village 2,038 89% 40% Weak node/2449090511
265 Mosteirô village 2,038 89% 40% Weak node/4037561004
266 Palhais village 2,036 89% 39% Weak node/1724115093
267 Vila Cova village 2,026 89% 39% Weak node/3082697649
268 Abade de Neiva village 2,024 89% 39% Weak node/3082696865
269 Junqueira village 2,019 89% 39% Weak node/4013836445
270 Oiã town 7,722 89% 28% Weak node/1421307525
271 Calvão village 2,014 89% 39% Weak node/484794489
272 Belinho village 2,017 89% 39% Weak node/3133927439
273 São João de Loure village 2,009 88% 39% Weak node/2365930260
274 Arnoso (Santa Maria) village 2,008 88% 39% Weak node/3010632404
275 Lodares village 2,002 88% 39% Weak node/3967589084
276 Oldrões village 2,004 88% 39% Weak node/3978966780
277 Cacia town 7,354 88% 26% Weak node/3374971735
278 Arreigada village 1,999 88% 39% Weak node/650404390
279 Touguinha village 2,000 88% 39% Weak node/4013836452
280 Pedome village 1,998 88% 39% Weak node/1180593889
281 Burgo village 1,993 88% 39% Weak node/4036692883
282 Pego village 1,986 88% 39% Weak node/1755158005
283 Gove village 1,992 88% 39% Weak node/3930354353
284 São Martinho da Gândara village 1,985 88% 39% Weak node/1554234166
285 São Bartolomeu de Regatos village 1,983 88% 39% Weak node/2066257770
286 Cervães village 1,981 88% 39% Weak node/3164882712
287 Lousã town 7,344 88% 26% Weak node/25269216
288 Atalaia village 1,978 88% 39% Weak node/256349097
289 Barqueiros village 1,957 88% 38% Weak node/3082696879
290 Madalena village 1,956 88% 38% Weak node/2460436645
291 Macieira da Lixa village 1,951 88% 38% Weak node/3933505571
292 Vacariça village 1,945 88% 37% Weak node/299615304
293 Vil de Souto village 1,950 88% 38% Weak node/4325381349
294 São Pedro de Castelões town 7,254 88% 26% Weak node/4037614175
295 São Martinho de Sardoura village 1,931 88% 37% Weak node/4037007454
296 Bornes de Aguiar village 1,933 88% 37% Weak node/5165513956
297 São Cristóvão de Nogueira village 1,930 88% 37% Weak node/1574831981
298 Galegos (São Martinho) village 1,930 88% 37% Weak node/3082696903
299 Macieira de Sarnes village 1,925 87% 37% Weak node/1554207184
300 Penha Longa village 1,929 87% 37% Weak node/3969676591
301 Mozelos town 7,142 87% 26% Weak node/3814277802
302 Nossa Senhora de Fátima village 1,924 87% 37% Weak node/1934778702
303 Muro village 1,922 87% 37% Weak node/4006933074
304 Atães village 1,918 87% 37% Weak node/3102162005
305 Merelim (São Pedro) village 1,920 87% 37% Weak node/3152614069
306 Achete village 1,918 87% 37% Weak node/4344895807
307 Lago village 1,910 87% 37% Weak node/3170850639
308 Campo Maior town 6,925 87% 24% Weak node/25612852
309 Várzea village 1,904 87% 37% Weak node/3082697653
310 Rans village 1,907 87% 37% Weak node/3966616913
311 Feteira village 1,899 87% 37% Weak node/1879619861
312 Vale village 1,903 87% 37% Weak node/4037561010
313 Sanfins village 1,882 87% 37% Weak node/3384682526
314 Sande village 1,882 87% 37% Weak node/3969676594
315 Cristelo village 1,891 87% 37% Weak node/3979080670
316 Válega town 6,827 87% 24% Weak node/2832748801
317 Gondifelos village 1,881 87% 37% Weak node/3012440222
318 Ruivães village 1,877 87% 37% Weak node/662464354
319 Prazins (Santa Eufémia) village 1,876 87% 37% Weak node/3132150503
320 Cristelo village 1,875 86% 36% Weak node/3082696894
321 Rio Mau village 1,862 86% 36% Weak node/4013836451
322 Tagilde village 1,861 86% 36% Weak node/3408738676
323 Mazedo village 1,859 86% 36% Weak node/3775055360
324 Sobrado town 6,727 86% 24% Weak node/1725611611
325 Pessegueiro do Vouga village 1,852 86% 36% Weak node/2508912929
326 Caramos village 1,854 86% 36% Weak node/3933505567
327 Parada de Todeia village 1,848 86% 36% Weak node/1212458439
328 Ariz village 1,843 86% 36% Weak node/3969676578
329 Viatodos village 1,840 86% 36% Weak node/3082697647
330 Friande village 1,838 86% 36% Weak node/3933505568
331 Silvalde town 6,673 86% 24% Weak node/772915172
332 São Pedro Fins village 1,837 86% 36% Weak node/650793196
333 Barrô village 1,836 86% 36% Weak node/1223716522
334 Varziela village 1,837 86% 36% Weak node/3933505586
335 Almoster village 1,818 86% 36% Weak node/1654631170
336 Gião village 1,815 86% 36% Weak node/4037561001
337 Sequeira village 1,811 86% 36% Weak node/3149021119
338 Frossos village 1,806 86% 36% Weak node/3152614065
339 Modivas village 1,806 86% 36% Weak node/4003384716
340 Grândola town 6,616 86% 23% Weak node/3673206553
341 Ouca village 1,805 86% 36% Weak node/822324536
342 Travanca village 1,804 86% 36% Weak node/783340170
343 Sousela village 1,797 86% 36% Weak node/3967589095
344 Santiago de Piães village 1,797 86% 36% Weak node/4263642553
345 Recezinhos (São Martinho) village 1,791 86% 36% Weak node/3978966787
346 Valença town 6,601 85% 23% Weak node/25278431
347 Ponte de Vagos village 1,790 85% 36% Weak node/1307548743
348 Este (São Mamede) village 1,789 85% 36% Weak node/3151842621
349 Telhado village 1,784 85% 36% Weak node/2655871810
350 Selho (São Lourenço) village 1,782 85% 36% Weak node/3132938946
351 Lufrei village 1,777 85% 36% Weak node/3847966915
352 Rocas do Vouga village 1,778 85% 36% Weak node/3952180210
353 Arrifana town 6,551 85% 23% Weak node/1922913476
354 Infantas village 1,764 85% 35% Weak node/3131504274
355 Croca village 1,767 85% 35% Weak node/3978966771
356 Carreço village 1,759 85% 35% Weak node/1386843043
357 Água de Pena village 1,759 85% 35% Weak node/1827635031
358 Gafanha do Carmo village 1,758 85% 35% Weak node/2475819309
359 Cepelos village 1,758 85% 35% Weak node/3929239713
360 Perosinho town 6,359 85% 23% Weak node/4015684787
361 Santo António village 1,753 85% 35% Weak node/2471478448
362 Vila Franca village 1,757 85% 35% Weak node/3392889169
363 Perelhal village 1,749 85% 35% Weak node/3082696928
364 Roge village 1,752 85% 35% Weak node/4037614174
365 Povolide village 1,747 85% 35% Weak node/2651067066
366 Turiz village 1,746 85% 35% Weak node/3164882728
367 Avidos village 1,742 84% 35% Weak node/655287671
368 Lagoa village 1,742 84% 35% Weak node/2775378350
369 São João town 6,276 84% 21% Weak node/2832748400
370 Alcáçovas village 1,735 84% 35% Weak node/371590806
371 Sande (Vila Nova) village 1,739 84% 35% Weak node/3132314335
372 Ribeira de Fráguas village 1,713 84% 34% Weak node/1801716793
373 Vila Nova de Monsarros village 1,713 84% 34% Weak node/1911341971
374 Esporões village 1,709 84% 34% Weak node/3149021109
375 Seixezelo village 1,712 84% 34% Weak node/4015684789
376 Avanca town 6,189 84% 21% Weak node/2329258529
377 Manhente village 1,703 84% 34% Weak node/3082696913
378 São Gens village 1,703 84% 34% Weak node/3173793275
379 Sande (São Clemente) village 1,695 84% 34% Weak node/3132314332
380 Arnoia village 1,702 84% 34% Weak node/3175067718
381 Cerdal village 1,693 84% 34% Weak node/3426572308
382 Airão (Santa Maria) village 1,686 84% 34% Weak node/3102162001
383 Gondar village 1,686 84% 34% Weak node/3929239720
384 Marinhais town 6,121 84% 20% Weak node/1631323877
385 Curral das Freiras village 1,673 84% 34% Weak node/275701857
386 Urqueira village 1,682 84% 34% Weak node/2965318889
387 Moreira do Rei village 1,667 84% 34% Weak node/3173793263
388 Regadas village 1,666 84% 34% Weak node/3173793268
389 Penude village 1,666 84% 34% Weak node/4263751891
390 Panoias village 1,663 84% 33% Weak node/3152614074
391 Carreira village 1,662 84% 33% Weak node/655288010
392 Boavista dos Pinheiros village 1,661 84% 33% Weak node/1295209777
393 Guidões village 1,659 83% 33% Weak node/4006933073
394 Gião village 1,659 83% 33% Weak node/4013836444
395 Cruz village 1,654 83% 33% Weak node/1214153616
396 Canelas village 1,649 83% 33% Weak node/3978966769
397 Covelo village 1,647 83% 33% Weak node/2410514255
398 Boelhe village 1,646 83% 33% Weak node/3978966766
399 Fornelos village 1,638 83% 33% Weak node/3873031334
400 Vilar village 1,638 83% 33% Weak node/4003384715
401 Aguiar de Sousa village 1,631 83% 33% Weak node/1210987008
402 Afife village 1,632 83% 33% Weak node/1390246859
403 Mascotelos village 1,631 83% 33% Weak node/3123254079
404 Estreito da Calheta village 1,630 83% 33% Weak node/1342148432
405 Sequeiró village 1,627 83% 33% Weak node/665515839
406 Sendim village 1,627 83% 33% Weak node/3933505581
407 Negreiros village 1,618 83% 32% Weak node/3082696921
408 Constance village 1,626 83% 33% Weak node/3969676581
409 Lamoso village 1,613 83% 32% Weak node/1798338226
410 Taíde village 1,613 83% 32% Weak node/3171488228
411 Fonte Arcada village 1,606 82% 32% Weak node/1213903071
412 Couto de Cima village 1,607 82% 32% Weak node/5195065814
413 Flamengos village 1,604 82% 32% Weak node/1880472391
414 Tamengos village 1,602 82% 32% Weak node/2508205084
415 Reguenga village 1,596 82% 32% Weak node/650402601
416 Modelos village 1,594 82% 32% Weak node/1798316290
417 Silva Escura village 1,592 82% 32% Weak node/2787440060
418 Vila Frescainha (São Pedro) village 1,593 82% 32% Weak node/3082697641
419 Travassô village 1,589 82% 32% Weak node/999532254
420 Gatão village 1,586 82% 31% Weak node/3929239719
421 Agrela village 1,584 82% 31% Weak node/650404547
422 Madalena village 1,582 82% 31% Weak node/3186575646
423 Bustelo village 1,579 82% 31% Weak node/3978966767
424 Faial village 1,567 82% 31% Weak node/275679970
425 Valpedre village 1,576 82% 31% Weak node/3978966791
426 Covelas village 1,563 82% 31% Weak node/649844988
427 Pedreira village 1,564 82% 31% Weak node/3933505574
428 Tabuadelo village 1,555 82% 31% Weak node/3133395538
429 Espargo village 1,559 82% 31% Weak node/4037560999
430 Mujães village 1,550 82% 30% Weak node/1941569168
431 Vale de Anta village 1,543 82% 30% Weak node/3185651501
432 Cavalões village 1,539 82% 30% Weak node/3012440221
433 Travassós village 1,539 82% 30% Weak node/3173793276
434 Fajarda village 1,539 82% 30% Weak node/3260421396
435 Arões (Santa Cristina) village 1,538 81% 30% Weak node/3173777651
436 Boa Ventura village 1,537 81% 30% Weak node/1458087460
437 Vitorino dos Piães village 1,537 81% 30% Weak node/3873031356
438 Facha village 1,529 81% 30% Weak node/3873031331
439 Oliveira do Douro village 1,529 81% 30% Weak node/4263642551
440 Padim da Graça village 1,521 81% 29% Weak node/3149021114
441 Cortes village 1,518 81% 29% Weak node/3763166540
442 Gilmonde village 1,516 81% 29% Weak node/3082696905
443 Louredo village 1,514 81% 29% Weak node/3979080673
444 Cabreiros village 1,511 81% 29% Weak node/3149504115
445 Vila Maior village 1,511 81% 29% Weak node/4037561011
446 Barco village 1,510 81% 29% Weak node/3120729681
447 Estorãos village 1,508 81% 29% Weak node/3173777654
448 Lomba village 1,505 81% 29% Weak node/3303357721
449 Vizela (São Paio) village 1,503 81% 29% Weak node/3408743092
450 Carregueira village 1,503 81% 29% Weak node/9197796788
451 Seixas village 1,502 81% 29% Weak node/2206036344
452 Torrão village 1,494 80% 29% Weak node/430783373
453 Santo Isidoro village 1,495 80% 29% Weak node/3969676595
454 Vale da Pedra village 1,487 80% 29% Weak node/1801924527
455 Bagunte village 1,489 80% 29% Weak node/4013836441
456 Vilarinho das Cambas village 1,485 80% 29% Weak node/3012844248
457 Telões village 1,485 80% 29% Weak node/3186787850
458 Antime village 1,476 80% 29% Weak node/3173777647
459 Navais village 1,479 80% 29% Weak node/3983105013
460 São Jorge village 1,473 80% 29% Weak node/275722042
461 Calde village 1,469 80% 28% Weak node/2906305433
462 Arões village 1,459 80% 28% Weak node/1226766688
463 Monte village 1,459 80% 28% Weak node/2435893860
464 Cabeçudos village 1,466 80% 28% Weak node/2774062280
465 Fortios village 1,467 80% 28% Weak node/2999879830
466 Fornos de Maceira Dão village 1,459 80% 28% Weak node/4263833211
467 Santa Cruz do Douro village 1,453 80% 28% Weak node/3930361657
468 Pedorido village 1,458 80% 28% Weak node/4037007451
469 Carreira village 1,451 80% 28% Weak node/3082696885
470 Fervença village 1,445 80% 28% Weak node/3175067728
471 Fornos village 1,439 80% 28% Weak node/1315853228
472 Gondizalves village 1,441 80% 28% Weak node/3151842624
473 Recezinhos (São Mamede) village 1,439 80% 28% Weak node/3978966786
474 Canelas village 1,438 80% 28% Weak node/1438707674
475 Fajozes village 1,425 79% 27% Weak node/249929822
476 Freixo de Baixo village 1,434 79% 28% Weak node/3929239716
477 Ucha village 1,420 79% 27% Weak node/3082697646
478 Moure village 1,421 79% 27% Weak node/3164882720
479 Vila Chã village 1,419 79% 27% Weak node/3133927451
480 São Pedro de Agostém village 1,419 79% 27% Weak node/3185651498
481 Bencatel village 1,418 79% 27% Weak node/376842224
482 Nariz village 1,418 79% 27% Weak node/4018699914
483 Santo António da Charneca village 1,409 79% 26% Weak node/1724156201
484 Rio Mau village 1,414 79% 27% Weak node/3978966788
485 Casais village 1,401 79% 26% Weak node/3967589078
486 Guetim village 1,403 79% 26% Weak node/4037024205
487 Lama village 1,393 79% 26% Weak node/655287000
488 Castelões village 1,397 79% 26% Weak node/2585837652
489 Carvalhal village 1,391 79% 26% Weak node/3082696886
490 Fornelo village 1,392 79% 26% Weak node/3862503976
491 Altura village 1,386 79% 26% Weak node/930352428
492 Macinhata da Seixa village 1,390 79% 26% Weak node/1548582157
493 Touguinhó village 1,386 79% 26% Weak node/4013836453
494 Malta village 1,385 78% 26% Weak node/4013836447
495 Tenões village 1,380 78% 26% Weak node/3152614079
496 Figueiras village 1,382 78% 26% Weak node/3967589083
497 Conde village 1,378 78% 25% Weak node/3123864716
498 Gandarela village 1,378 78% 25% Weak node/3123864719
499 Fornelos village 1,374 78% 25% Weak node/3173777657
500 Tabuado village 1,375 78% 25% Weak node/3969676600
501 Aguada de Baixo village 1,373 78% 25% Weak node/1218787478
502 Longos village 1,372 78% 25% Weak node/3131647246
503 Santa Cristina village 1,370 78% 25% Weak node/2587095733
504 Campos village 1,367 78% 25% Weak node/3850531557
505 São Pedro de France village 1,370 78% 25% Weak node/3988575555
506 Sarilhos Grandes village 1,365 78% 25% Weak node/1724436832
507 Areias de Vilar village 1,365 78% 25% Weak node/3082696874
508 Ponta Delgada village 1,363 78% 25% Weak node/275721499
509 Feitosa village 1,363 78% 25% Weak node/3873031332
510 Santo António da Serra village 1,355 78% 25% Weak node/1832796195
511 Sermonde village 1,360 78% 25% Weak node/4015684790
512 Atei village 1,352 78% 25% Weak node/3185219143
513 Perozelo village 1,346 78% 25% Weak node/3978966783
514 Macieira village 1,344 78% 25% Weak node/3967589086
515 Santa Margarida village 1,344 78% 25% Weak node/3967589093
516 São Miguel village 1,344 78% 25% Weak node/3967589096
517 Mazarefes village 1,343 77% 25% Weak node/3874021571
518 Vilar do Torno e Alentém village 1,342 77% 25% Weak node/2374200903
519 Priscos village 1,341 77% 24% Weak node/3149021117
520 Fermedo village 1,340 77% 24% Weak node/1230538118
521 Candoso (São Martinho) village 1,340 77% 24% Weak node/3123254078
522 Fermelã village 1,332 77% 24% Weak node/263878702
523 Vila Fria village 1,327 77% 24% Weak node/3874021582
524 Fonte Boa village 1,326 77% 24% Weak node/3133927442
525 Silvares (São Martinho) village 1,325 77% 24% Weak node/3173793274
526 Louredo village 1,325 77% 24% Weak node/4037561002
527 Gandra village 1,323 77% 24% Weak node/3133927445
528 Palmeira village 1,321 77% 24% Weak node/655286863
529 Moledo village 1,322 77% 24% Weak node/3512953430
530 Moure village 1,321 77% 24% Weak node/3933505573
531 Serra de Água village 1,320 77% 24% Weak node/1471137595
532 Gandra village 1,318 77% 24% Weak node/2109325476
533 Pereira village 1,318 77% 24% Weak node/3082696927
534 Samaiões village 1,318 77% 24% Weak node/3186575650
535 Espadanedo village 1,318 77% 24% Weak node/4263642547
536 Cepelos village 1,313 76% 24% Weak node/1226766842
537 Aveleda village 1,314 76% 24% Weak node/4013836439
538 Castelo Branco village 1,309 76% 23% Weak node/512578959
539 Remelhe village 1,309 76% 23% Weak node/3082696931
540 Cardielos village 1,309 76% 23% Weak node/3874021564
541 Jugueiros village 1,303 76% 23% Weak node/1495468816
542 Cambeses village 1,300 76% 23% Weak node/3082696882
543 Sobreposta village 1,301 76% 23% Weak node/3149021120
544 Real village 1,300 76% 23% Weak node/4037007452
545 Carvalhais village 1,299 76% 23% Weak node/1496159691
546 Ganfei village 1,296 76% 22% Weak node/2109495203
547 Aldão village 1,293 76% 22% Weak node/3102162003
548 Borba de Montanha village 1,294 76% 22% Weak node/3175067721
549 Briteiros (Santo Estêvão) village 1,292 76% 22% Weak node/3122756102
550 Duas Igrejas village 1,291 76% 22% Weak node/3169471071
551 Pias village 1,288 76% 22% Weak node/3967589092
552 Paredes de Viadores village 1,289 76% 22% Weak node/3969676589
553 Vilar da Veiga village 1,286 76% 22% Weak node/3170420461
554 Regilde village 1,284 76% 22% Weak node/3933505578
555 Fonte Arcada village 1,273 76% 22% Weak node/3171488212
556 Santa Bárbara village 1,274 76% 22% Weak node/9300679393
557 Lemenhe village 1,272 75% 22% Weak node/3011766531
558 Lama village 1,271 75% 22% Weak node/3082696910
559 Estoi village 1,267 75% 21% Weak node/458797255
560 São Pedro da Torre village 1,267 75% 21% Weak node/1214153524
561 Mouquim village 1,266 75% 21% Weak node/2452576318
562 Portela village 1,266 75% 21% Weak node/3978966785
563 São Vicente da Beira village 1,259 75% 21% Weak node/1796360390
564 Gestaçô village 1,263 75% 21% Weak node/3930354352
565 Pencelo village 1,258 75% 21% Weak node/3132150499
566 Paredes village 1,258 75% 21% Weak node/3978966781
567 Chave village 1,253 75% 21% Weak node/1206259017
568 Moldes village 1,257 75% 21% Weak node/1240219459
569 Nogueira village 1,253 75% 21% Weak node/3967589090
570 Avelãs de Caminho village 1,252 75% 21% Weak node/1523887789
571 Parada de Tibães village 1,249 75% 21% Weak node/3152614075
572 Vairão village 1,251 75% 21% Weak node/3386297947
573 Samil village 1,246 75% 21% Weak node/1363536236
574 Avessadas village 1,247 75% 21% Weak node/3969676579
575 Rego village 1,241 74% 21% Weak node/3175067735
576 Tarouquela village 1,242 74% 21% Weak node/4263642554
577 Guisande village 1,237 74% 21% Weak node/1224435359
578 Pinheiro village 1,234 74% 21% Weak node/3132150500
579 Outeiro village 1,234 74% 21% Weak node/3503345957
580 Favões village 1,234 74% 21% Weak node/3969676582
581 Vimieiro village 1,233 74% 21% Weak node/3149504123
582 Agilde village 1,227 74% 21% Weak node/3175067717
583 Ribafeita village 1,227 74% 21% Weak node/4325381346
584 Santiago de Cassurrães village 1,226 74% 21% Weak node/1514341389
585 Alvarenga village 1,223 74% 21% Weak node/1027820932
586 Requeixo village 1,222 74% 21% Weak node/1330250395
587 São Romão de Neiva village 1,225 74% 21% Weak node/2412276738
588 Moledo village 1,215 74% 21% Weak node/24956667
589 Olhos de Água village 1,212 74% 21% Weak node/360671378
590 Serzedo village 1,202 74% 21% Weak node/3133395534
591 Freixo village 1,209 74% 21% Weak node/3873031335
592 Moitas Venda village 1,200 74% 21% Weak node/1498044484
593 Ordem village 1,201 74% 21% Weak node/3967589091
594 Vila Seca village 1,197 74% 21% Weak node/3082697650
595 Figueiredo village 1,198 74% 21% Weak node/3149021110
596 Montargil village 1,190 74% 20% Weak node/430759370
597 São Salvador do Campo village 1,194 74% 21% Weak node/480365979
598 Guia village 1,182 73% 20% Weak node/657729239
599 Talhadas village 1,187 73% 20% Weak node/1750713671
600 Mar village 1,182 73% 20% Weak node/3133927447
601 Âncora village 1,182 73% 20% Weak node/3855624685
602 Pigeiros village 1,181 73% 20% Weak node/1228961093
603 Silveiros village 1,181 73% 20% Weak node/3082697637
604 Espinho village 1,181 73% 20% Weak node/3149021108
605 Fonte de Angeão village 1,179 73% 20% Weak node/484765570
606 Subportela village 1,179 73% 20% Weak node/3874021580
607 Seide (São Miguel) village 1,171 73% 20% Weak node/662441687
608 Aguim village 1,171 73% 20% Weak node/2504803778
609 Oleiros village 1,169 73% 20% Weak node/3169471082
610 Retorta village 1,165 73% 20% Weak node/4013836450
611 Margem village 1,168 73% 20% Weak node/4322652609
Downgrade Candidates

Places whose population is more consistent with the next-lower type's distribution than their own. Ranked by signal strength, then percentile within current type.

# Name Type Population Own %ile %ile among next lower Signal Edit OSM
1 Miranda do Douro city 2,085 1% 41% Strong node/609355095
2 Mêda city 2,178 2% 42% Strong node/3350460250
3 Sabugal city 2,231 2% 42% Strong node/25277732
4 Monte Redondo town 374 2% 36% Strong node/2087932868
5 Soajo town 385 3% 36% Strong node/433989656
6 Trancoso city 2,721 3% 50% Strong node/25277735
7 São Mamede town 395 3% 37% Strong node/563654845
8 Salir town 417 4% 39% Strong node/6225433908
9 Pinhel city 2,861 4% 54% Strong node/3629411205
10 São Miguel de Machede town 426 4% 40% Strong node/2440172045
11 Alcoutim town 445 4% 42% Strong node/25277563
12 Vila Nova de Foz Coa city 3,030 4% 56% Strong node/1227299962
13 Espinhal town 467 4% 44% Strong node/4228663724
14 Freixianda town 474 5% 44% Strong node/3182629274
15 Tarouca city 3,055 5% 56% Strong node/25256120
16 Odeceixe town 511 5% 47% Strong node/375857198
17 Lazarim town 521 5% 48% Strong node/2254778039
18 Mogadouro city 3,093 6% 57% Strong node/25268782
19 Caranguejeira town 548 6% 49% Strong node/658948610
20 São Cosmado town 598 6% 52% Strong node/4253686348
21 Santa Comba Dão city 3,279 6% 59% Strong node/25256118
22 Santo Estêvão town 607 6% 53% Strong node/3185651497
23 Viana do Castelo city 3,297 7% 60% Strong node/5057838422
24 Gouveia city 3,380 8% 60% Strong node/432972947
25 Castro Laboreiro town 96 0% 4% Weak node/1942595682
26 Santana city 1,258 1% 21% Weak node/975761089
27 Monsanto town 98 1% 4% Weak node/371426674
28 Alcobertas town 198 1% 16% Weak node/681261091
29 Marvão town 203 1% 17% Weak node/25612849
30 Cedovim town 338 2% 32% Weak node/4162143999
31 Aljezur town 340 2% 32% Weak node/4163980589
32 Boliqueime town 343 2% 32% Weak node/430930373
33 Louriçal town 638 7% 54% Weak node/988897941
34 Fontelo town 641 7% 54% Weak node/2638935136
35 Argozelo town 701 7% 57% Weak node/1536797114
36 Lalim town 729 8% 58% Weak node/2058996884
37 São Manços town 739 8% 58% Weak node/2947953091
38 Borba city 3,571 8% 64% Weak node/25269563
39 Vila do Bispo town 742 8% 58% Weak node/25277569
40 Santa Maria do Bouro town 760 9% 59% Weak node/3170850629
41 Praia da Vitória city 3,958 9% 67% Weak node/25270688
42 Alvaiázere town 768 9% 60% Weak node/25278382
43 Gonçalo town 781 9% 60% Weak node/7043837832
44 Valpaços city 4,012 9% 67% Weak node/25624123
45 Benfica do Ribatejo town 799 10% 61% Weak node/430759158
46 Escoural town 807 10% 61% Weak node/371590014
47 Mealhada city 4,522 10% 72% Weak node/3623253301
48 Góis town 825 10% 62% Weak node/25269221
49 Oliveira do Bairro city 4,606 11% 74% Weak node/2449642367
50 Caria town 841 11% 63% Weak node/1723097830
51 Santa Catarina da Serra town 841 11% 63% Weak node/4346025220
52 Loriga town 843 11% 63% Weak node/1118457674
53 Serpa city 4,623 11% 74% Weak node/25264852
54 Porches town 849 11% 63% Weak node/8554508808
55 Caldelas town 872 12% 64% Weak node/3170850632
56 Lixa city 4,944 12% 77% Weak node/1712466619
57 Pampilhosa da Serra town 873 12% 64% Weak node/25269217
58 Valdigem town 890 12% 64% Weak node/2638935117
59 Almancil city 4,998 13% 77% Weak node/2089328881
60 Britiande town 934 13% 66% Weak node/1319893180
61 Luz de Tavira town 944 13% 67% Weak node/915855180
62 Vila Baleira city 5,245 13% 79% Weak node/839817294
63 Bensafrim town 952 13% 67% Weak node/88089339
64 Cernache do Bonjardim town 954 14% 67% Weak node/2701124724
65 Vale de Cambra city 5,312 14% 79% Weak node/3620175627
66 Marinha das Ondas town 973 14% 67% Weak node/4133386338
67 Guia town 975 14% 68% Weak node/814239919
68 Alcácer do Sal city 5,347 14% 79% Weak node/25619074
69 Monte Real town 976 15% 68% Weak node/1086486493
70 Alfarelos town 980 15% 68% Weak node/3374919492
71 Seia city 5,383 15% 79% Weak node/25277736
72 Vilarandelo town 984 15% 68% Weak node/3188737685
73 Castanheira de Pera town 1,003 16% 69% Weak node/2505390107
74 Horta city 5,553 16% 80% Weak node/25270684
75 Izeda town 1,006 16% 69% Weak node/1482100473
76 Penela town 1,029 16% 69% Weak node/25269213
77 Oliveira do Hospital city 5,572 16% 81% Weak node/25269220
78 Santar town 1,042 16% 70% Weak node/4271692973
79 Pedrógão Grande town 1,046 17% 70% Weak node/25278373
80 Santiago do Cacém city 5,585 17% 81% Weak node/536442174
81 Carvoeiro town 1,080 17% 70% Weak node/1121314090
82 Ferro town 1,083 18% 70% Weak node/2265932151
83 Paião town 1,093 18% 71% Weak node/823829737
84 Alvite town 1,095 18% 71% Weak node/1569228971
85 Reguengos de Monsaraz city 5,769 18% 82% Weak node/25270771
86 Cantanhede city 5,769 18% 82% Weak node/3657201436
87 Couço town 1,105 19% 71% Weak node/378223168
88 Torre de Dona Chama town 1,105 19% 71% Weak node/1515071074
89 Lagoa city 6,010 19% 83% Weak node/25277559
90 Leomil town 1,115 19% 72% Weak node/4013362127
91 Alvito town 1,117 19% 72% Weak node/25264846
92 Alcobaça city 6,017 20% 83% Weak node/2942663922
93 Turquel town 1,154 20% 72% Weak node/1642092112
94 Beringel town 1,159 20% 73% Weak node/811280684
95 Macedo de Cavaleiros city 6,054 20% 83% Weak node/25268781
Monitor

Places that are consistent with their current type's distribution but sit at an extreme percentile within it. No reclassification signal yet, but worth revisiting as more population data is tagged.

No places in the monitor tier.