PopSpot — South Korea

PopSpot

South Korea

OpenStreetMap · place= population tag analysis

▲ Upgrade candidates · 3 ▼ Downgrade candidates · 4 ◎ Monitor · 6 Generated · 2026-04-04 09:48 UTC

Disclaimer

Whether a settlement is a village, town, or city depends on a mix of factors — population, character, local identity, available services, and geographic context — none of which point to a single clear answer. Areas near larger settlements may function as suburbs or neighbourhoods rather than distinct places, while remote settlements often feel more significant than raw numbers suggest. Since reasonable mappers frequently disagree on these judgements, any classification changes should be made thoughtfully and with awareness of local context.

Population Distribution

Population distribution by place type for South Korea. Dots show individual tagged places, with the maximum, minimum, and median population values highlighted.

Population distribution plot for South Korea

Upgrade Candidates

Places whose population is more consistent with the next-higher type's distribution than their own. Ranked by signal strength, then percentile within current type.

#	Name	Type	Population	Own %ile	%ile among next higher	Signal	Edit	OSM
1	배방읍	town	81,661	100%	7%	Weak	iD JOSM Level0	node/415157947
2	연평리	village	2,213	100%	10%	Weak	iD JOSM Level0	node/4780378992
3	오창읍	town	60,882	95%	4%	Weak	iD JOSM Level0	node/415159708

Downgrade Candidates

Places whose population is more consistent with the next-lower type's distribution than their own. Ranked by signal strength, then percentile within current type.

#	Name	Type	Population	Own %ile	%ile among next lower	Signal	Edit	OSM
1	율면	town	582	5%	67%	Strong	iD JOSM Level0	node/415155795
2	태백시	city	43,488	1%	90%	Weak	iD JOSM Level0	node/6919770645
3	계룡시	city	44,042	2%	90%	Weak	iD JOSM Level0	node/415161986
4	가사문학면	town	1,468	10%	67%	Weak	iD JOSM Level0	node/415146453

Monitor

Places that are consistent with their current type's distribution but sit at an extreme percentile within it. No reclassification signal yet, but worth revisiting as more population data is tagged.

#	Name	Type	Population	Own %ile	Edit	OSM
1	김제시	city	87,782	9%	iD JOSM Level0	node/358015517
2	남원시	city	84,856	8%	iD JOSM Level0	node/358015558
3	속초시	city	79,586	7%	iD JOSM Level0	node/415151931
4	문경시	city	73,294	6%	iD JOSM Level0	node/358015543
5	삼척시	city	68,807	5%	iD JOSM Level0	node/415154216
6	과천시	city	58,018	4%	iD JOSM Level0	node/1910974426

Step 1 — Log-normal distribution fit

For each place type (city, town, village), a log-normal distribution is fitted to the population values tagged in OSM. Specifically, the mean and standard deviation of log₁₀(population) are computed, giving each type its own statistical fingerprint.

Step 2 — Log-likelihood ratio (LLR)

Each place is scored under its own type's distribution and under each adjacent type's distribution. A positive LLR means the place's population fits the neighbouring type's distribution better than its own — a statistical signal of potential misclassification. If both adjacent types fire simultaneously, the stronger LLR determines the flag direction.

Step 3 — Percentile corroboration

The LLR signal is cross-checked against percentile ranks: where does this place sit within its own type, and where would it land in the target type? Both signals must agree for a candidate to be rated Strong.

Confidence tiers

Badge	Direction	Criteria (all must hold)
Strong	Upgrade	LLR > 1.0 · own percentile ≥ 75th · target percentile 20–65th
Strong	Downgrade	LLR > 1.0 · own percentile ≤ 25th · target percentile 35–80th
Weak	Either	LLR > 0, but one or more Strong conditions not met
Monitor	—	No LLR signal, but own percentile ≥ 90th (top) or ≤ 10th (bottom)

Why extremes are excluded from Strong

The target-type percentile window deliberately excludes both tails. A place landing below the 20th percentile among the target type would be marginal even there — a weak fit. A place landing above the 65th percentile in the target type is unusually large even for that category, suggesting the reclassification destination may be wrong (should jump two levels) or the tag is erroneous. The middle range confirms the place would be a natural, unremarkable member of the target type — the hallmark of a genuine misclassification.

Table sort order

Within each section, Strong candidates always appear before Weak ones. Within each confidence tier, upgrade candidates are sorted by own-type percentile descending (most overqualified first) and downgrade candidates by own-type percentile ascending (most underqualified first). Monitor entries are sorted by own-type percentile descending.

Statistical flags are prompts for investigation, not conclusions. Place hierarchy in OSM reflects infrastructure, administrative status, and regional importance — population alone cannot capture that.